No, they lose their pregnant bellies after standing up. I have been idle-standing and watching them (no gameplay) during pregnancy to prevent any other possible influence. I don't know if it makes a difference, but no animals have become pregnant (yet) naturally. They were all pregnant via command.
Hmm... maybe it's related to the command... I will check that out... but with the recent hotfix, chances should be much higher now that animals become pregnant naturally 
Will there be an adjustable settings option to allow for faster maturity (and other animal husbandry settings) time? 20 hours to mature and 5-6 hour for pregnancy is a long time to wait for single player, assuming it is real hours vs game hours.
No, unfortunately there is no setting for this (yet). But I've changed this with the recent hotfix: it now takes only ~5 hours until baby animals mature. But this does not affect naturally spawned baby animals (i.e baby animals you find in the wild).
To clarify, is the one hour from newborn to juvenile or total maturity (in comparison to the quote above which says 20 hours).
Sorry for the confusion, it's from newborn to juvenile (and 5 hours in total for total maturity) 
On a separate note, is there a place / file I can look into to see these values or adjust them manually for myself?
Yes, almost all values are stored in the database. It's an SQLite database called "definitions.db" that's located in the game directory in "Data/StreamingAssets/". You will need an SQLite editor to open and modify it (you can use DB-Browser, for example, which is available for free)
The relevant tables are the "npcs" table (the "lifetime" column determines how long it takes until an animal either dies or reach maturity) and the "npcs_breeding" table (containing all relevant data about pregnancy). A few things are hard-coded though (e.g. duration from newborn to juvenile).
- For horse i always i get variant 0 (light brown) even mother are different variants.
Yeah, unfortunately there is only one foal variant available atm... but I will add the missing variants soon
- For cow i always get same variant as mother
This is actually intended. Right now the male color isn't taken into account unfortunately... this is something that will probably change in the future (but this will probably also require more animal variants)^^
So question is any got male version of adult from babies get from breeding? Or i was exceptionally unlucky and i got all babies as female variant when they grow, or is something wrong and no male from breeding? Some other player reported same thing, just female.
Hmm... that should have been random, but maybe there is a bug that grown up calves are always female 
Thanks for letting me know, I will check out what's going on there!
Ich kanns leider echt nicht reproduzieren... ich habs mit einem PS4 und Xbox Controller getestet... ich habe aber auch deinen Report erhalten (Block bleibt bestehen trotz Deaktivierung der Fesetzen-Funktion): Lt. dem Screenshot war das manuelle Platzieren aber noch aktiv (also auf der linken Seite, dort "Manuelles Bewegen" genannt) 
Das Problem bei animierten Objekten ist, dass sich die Verzerrung ungünstig auf zugehörige Teile auswirkt. Im Falle des Tresors kann das zB die Tür beim Öffnen ganz hässlich verzerren (die dann wirklich erst beim Öffnen verzerrt wird). Man kann das manchmal verhindern, habe das aber in der Vergangenheit leider nie angepasst... werde ich mir aber mal auf die Liste packen 
Voraussichtlich morgen Abend wird dafür ein kleiner Hotfix erscheinen.
Das werde ich schleunigst beheben!
Thanks for bringing this to my attention, I will add it with the next hotfix! I will also add a few new methods that takes persistent item placement into account (e.g isPersistent() to check if it's a persistent item) 
